Django Rest Framework Post Request By Passing Related Field ID

Django Rest Framework'te İlişkili Modelin ID'si ile POST Request İşlemi

Django Rest Framework Post Request By Passing Related Field ID

• models.py

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from django.db import models
​
class Address(models.Model):
    country = models.CharField(max_length=120)
​
class Customer(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    address = models.ForeignKey(Address, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

• serializers.py

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from rest_framework import serializers
# internal
from my.models import Address, Customer
​
class AddressSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Address
        fields = '__all__'
​
class CustomerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
​
    class Meta:
        model = Customer
        fields = ('id', 'name', 'address') # '__all__' da kullanılabilir
​
    def to_representation(self, instance):
        '''Bu methodu override ederek get,post,put işlemlerinde ilişkili
        modelin ID'sini vererek işlemlerimizi gerçekleştiriyoruz.
        '''
        response = super().to_representation(instance)
        response['address'] = AddressSerializer(instance.address).data
        return response

• views.py

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class Customers(APIView):
    def get(self, request, format=None):
        customers = Customer.objects.all()
        serializer = CustomerSerializer(customers, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)
​
    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = CustomerSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.error, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
​
​
class CustomerDetail(APIView):
    def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
        customer = Customer.objects.get(pk=pk)
        serializer = CustomerSerializer(customer, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

• urls.py

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from django.urls import path
​
# internal
from my.views import Customers, CustomerDetail
​
urlpatterns = [  
    path('customers', Customers.as_view()),
    path('customers/<int:pk>', CustomerDetail.as_view()),
]

• URL http://127.0.0.1:8000/my/customers
• POST request data { "name":"Adnan", "address" : 1 }

---

• GET request http://127.0.0.1:8000/my/customers

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HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept
​
[
    {
        "id": 6,
        "name": "Adnan",
        "address": {
            "id": 1,
            "country": "Turkey"
        }
    }
]
​

---

• PUT request http://127.0.0.1:8000/my/customers/1
• { "name":"ADNAN2" , "address": 2 }
• UPDATED (Güncellenmiş) data:

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{
    "id": 1,
    "name": "ADNAN2",
    "address": {
        "id": 2,
        "country": "Palestine"
    }
}

II. Yöntem Olarak

-serializers.py

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class CustomerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    address = AddressSerializer(read_only=True)
    # post edeceğimiz data address_id alanını içermelidir. Çünkü PrimaryKeyRelatedField olarak address_id belirledik. address alanı address_id için kaynak oluşturmaktadır.
    address_id = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(
        write_only=True, source='address', queryset=Address.objects.all())
​
    class Meta:
        model = Customer
        fields = ('id','name','address','address_id') # '__all__' da kullanılabilir.

• POST request {"name":"Kayace","address_id" : 1}

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{
    "id": 15,
    "name": "Kayace",
    "address": {
        "id": 1,
        "country": "Turkey"
    }
}